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Helminth infections are widespread worldwide, and pose a serious threat to human health and animal husbandry development. Understanding of helminth-host interactions is critical to effective control and ultimate eradication of helminthiasis. Following host infections, helminth infections firstly initiate innate immune responses and then mediate adaptive immune responses. Type 1 immune responses are predominant at early stage of helminth infections, which mainly play anti-infective actions, and type 2 immune responses are predominant at late stage of infections, which are associated with helminth immune evasion and aggravation of tissue damages. This review summarizes the progress of researches on type 1/2 immune responses-associated signaling pathways mediated by helminth infections in hosts.
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Thioredoxin peroxidase (TPx) belongs to the superfamily of peroxiredoxins, which is widely expressed in various growth and development stages of parasites and their excretory secretions. On the one hand, recombinant TPx protein can participate in host immunoregulation; on the other hand, recombinant TPx protein has high sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic antigen, and can be used for immunodiagnosis of parasitic diseases; in addition, it can also be used as a candidate vaccine molecule for the immunoprophylaxis of parasitic diseases. This paper reviews the research progress on host immunoregulation, immunodiagnosis and immunoprophylaxis by recombinant TPx protein of important human parasites.
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Objective:To explore the potential of Taenia solium (Ts) 14-3-3.3 protein as a candidate molecule for cysticercosis vaccine. Methods:Sixty Kunming mice with the body weight of 18 - 22 g were selected and divided into 3 groups according to their body weight via the random number table method, including normal saline control group (control group), Ts14-3-3.3 recombinant protein vaccine group (vaccine group), and Ts14-3-3.3 recombinant protein vaccine + adjuvant group (vaccine + adjuvant group), with 20 mice in each group. The multi-point subcutaneous injection method was adopted. After the first immunization at 0 week, the booster immunization was carried out twice, a total of 3 times, with an interval of 2 weeks. Four mice in the three groups were killed at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after the first immunization, and the blood of eyeballs and spleen were collected aseptically for serum separation and preparation of spleen lymphocytes suspension [treatment: cell suspension, antigen-stimulate and concanavalin (Con) A-stimulate], respectively. The levels of mouse serum specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgG2a, IgG1 and IgE were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proliferation level of mouse spleen lymphocytes was detected via the CCK-8 method. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-13 and IL-10 in culture supernatant of mouse spleen lymphocytes were determined by double-antibody sandwich ELISA.Results:The IgG, IgG2a, and IgG1 levels of the vaccine and vaccine + adjuvant groups immunized for 2 to 8 weeks were higher than those of the control group, and the above indicators of the vaccine + adjuvant group were higher than those of the vaccine group ( P < 0.05). With the same treatment between the groups, the proliferation levels of spleen lymphocytes and the levels of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-13, and IL-10 in the culture supernatant after 2 - 8 weeks of immunization were statistically significantly different ( P < 0.05); the proliferation levels of spleen lymphocytes and the levels of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-13 and IL-10 in the culture supernatant of the vaccine and vaccine + adjuvant groups immunized for 2 to 8 weeks were higher than those of the control group, and the above indicators of the vaccine + adjuvant group were higher than those of the vaccine group ( P < 0.05). When treatment was different in the group, the proliferation levels of spleen lymphocytes and the levels of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-13 and IL-10 in the culture supernatant of the antigen-stimulate and ConA-stimulate were higher than those of the cell suspension, and the above indicators of the ConA-stimulate were higher than those of the antigen-stimulate ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The recombinant protein vaccine of Ts14-3-3.3 can induce an effective immune response in mice.
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Taeniasis is a kind of zoonotic parasitosis which seriously endangers human health. Drug therapy and vaccine control is one of the hotspots in current research. At present, proteomics has become an important tool for developing vaccines and understanding the pathogenic mechanism. The differences in protein patterns between different developmental stages of parasites may reflect the specific strategies and adaptive mechanisms used in the constantly changing environment and life cycle. Therefore, this article reviews the proteomics research progress of various tapeworms, aiming at providing a reference for prevention and control of Taeniasis.
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Objective:To establish the prokaryotic expression system of Taenia solium (Ts) 14-3-3.2, and observe the expression of Ts14-3-3.2 protein at the stages of Ts adult and cysticercus. Methods:Based on the Ts14-3-3.2 gene sequence obtained by the Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University in the previous study, the whole gene was synthesized by PCR-based accurate synthesis (PAS) method. After double digestion with restriction enzymes Nde Ⅰ and Xba Ⅰ, the plasmid pCzn1 was ligated to construct a recombinant plasmid pCzn1-Ts14-3-3.2. Then it was transformed into Escherichia coli ArcticExpress competent cells to induce the expression of Ts14-3-3.2 protein. The expression products were analyzed and identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and coomassie blue staining. The purified Ts14-3-3.2 recombinant protein was obtained by Ni-affinity chromatography. New Zealand rabbits were immunized with the recombinant protein to produce Ts14-3-3.2 polyclonal antibody. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Ts14-3-3.2 protein at the stages of Ts adult and cysticercus. Results:The recombinant plasmid pCzn1-Ts14-3-3.2 was successfully constructed. After induced expression, Ts14-3-3.2 target protein bands appeared in the supernatant and precipitated at the relative molecular weight of about 29.31 × 10 3. The purified Ts14-3-3.2 recombinant protein with His label could be recognized by anti-His monoclonal antibody, and the Ts14-3-3.2 polyclonal antibody with titer of 1 ∶ 512 000 was obtained. Western blotting showed that Ts14-3-3.2 protein was expressed at the stages of Ts adult and cysticercus. Conclusions:The prokaryotic expression system of Ts14-3-3.2 is successfully established, and the Ts14-3-3.2 polyclonal antibody with relatively higher purity and titer is obtained. The Ts14-3-3.2 protein is expressed at the stages of Ts adult and cysticercus.
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Taenia solium is one of the main human parasites. Both larvae and adults can cause diseases, among which neurocysticercosis caused by Cysticercus is the most serious disease. The immune response induced by Cysticercus infection and its regulatory mechanism have been the key problems in the prevention and treatment of Cysticercus infection. This review reports the progress of T lymphocytes-mediated immune responses and immunoregulation in cysticercosis, which is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the immunopathogenesis and prevention and treatment of cysticercosis.
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In order to improve the quality of teaching, the teaching and research section of parasitology explores the teaching effects of human parasitology based on independent learning. Taking the clinical medicine specialty (excellent doctor class) as an example, in order to overcome the problems that the teaching content brought by traditional infusion teaching is difficult to meet the needs of modern teaching and students have low interest in learning. On the basis of optimizing teaching content and teaching methods, some courses are adopted flipped classroom teaching model based on the MOOC videos learning before class, emphasizing student-centered and self-directed learning, focusing on independent learning ability and critical thinking training, and introducing modern information technology and improving teaching effectiveness. The teaching effect shows that the student-centered teaching thought can be better reflected, students' ability of self-learning has been enhanced, and their sense of learning achievement has been strengthened, in favor of cultivating their ability to analyze and solve problems, as well as lifelong learning ability and teamwork ability.
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Parasitic diseases are diseases caused by parasites invading the human body, and 14-3-3 family plays an important role in the life activities of parasites, such as infection, growth and development, reproduction, and so on. Carrying out systematic research on it will help to understand the distribution and biological functions of the 14-3-3 family in parasites, and provide help for the immunological diagnosis and prevention of parasitic diseases. This article reviews the recent progress in the study of 14-3-3 family of important human parasites.
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Objective To observe humoral and cellular immune responses induced in mice by a TSOL18 recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis (MS) vaccine of Taenia solium.Methods Sixty specific pathogen-free (SPF) Kunming mice (18-22 g,half male and half female) were divided into 3 groups by random number table method,20 mice in each group.One group was administered with recombinant MS-TSOL18 vaccine,one group was administered with MS as control,and one group was administered phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as control.Kunming mice were vaccinated once every two weeks for 2 times through intragastric administration.At 0,2,4,6,and 8 weeks after immunization,blood sample was collected and serum was separated.The levels of IgG and IgG2a in serum were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The spleen was separated to prepare spleen suspension.The proliferation of spleen lymphocyte with the stimulation of a specific antigen was detected by CCK-8.The levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 in spleen cell culture supernatant with the stimulation of a specific antigen were detected by ELISA.Results Compared with MS control group (IgG:0.160 ± 0.019,0.187 ± 0.038,0.193 ± 0.050,0.170 ± 0.005;IgG2a:0.213 ± 0.010,0.198 ± 0.012) and PBS control group (IgG:0.159 ± 0.015,0.184 ± 0.029,0.191 ± 0.025,0.165 ± 0.018;IgG2a:0.198 ± 0.032,0.178 ± 0.025),the levels of specific IgG (0.310 ± 0.034,0.391 ± 0.029,0.443 ± 0.030,0.373 ± 0.021) in recombinant MS-TSOL18 vaccine group increased at 2,4,6,and 8 weeks after immunization (P ＜ 0.05),the levels of specific IgG2a (0.446 ± 0.056,0.339 ± 0.026) in recombinant MS-TSOL18 vaccine group increased at 6 and 8 weeks after immunization (P ＜ 0.05),and reached the highest level by the 6th week.After antigen stimulation,compared with MS and PBS control groups,the levels of spleen lymphocyte proliferation increased at 2,4,6,and 8 weeks after immunization (P ＜ 0.05),and reached the highest level by the 6th week.After antigen stimulation,compared with MS and PBS control groups,the levels of IL-2 and IL-4 in spleen lymphocyte culture supernatant increased at 2,4,6,and 8 weeks after immunization (P ＜ 0.05),and reached the highest level by the 6th and 4th weeks,respectively.Conclusion The recombinant MS-TSOL18 vaccine of Taenia solium might induce mice to produce humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Objective To investigate the expression difference of 14-3-3 gene in different stages of Taenia solium (Ts),and to provide basic information for exploring the regulation mechanism of Ts14-3-3 gene in growth and development of Ts.Methods Adult worms were collected from patients with taeniasis solium in the taeniasis epidemic area of Yajiang County,Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province.After determining the species through morphological observation under the light microscope and transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) method,it was identified as Ts,then piglets were infected to obtain the Cysticercus cellulosae of Ts (larvae).Reverse transcription PCR was used to detect the expression of Ts14-3-3 gene in the adult stage and larval stage of Ts,and the relative expression levels of each were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.Results Under light microscope,it could be seen that the collected adult worm scolex consisted of 4 suckers,rostellum and hooks,which was consistent with the typical characteristics of the Ts scolex;the worm sample could amplify the target fragment which was consistent with the length of the ITS1 gene by reverse transcription PCR,and was determined to be Ts.The Ts14-3-3 gene family members Ts14-3-3.1,Ts14-3-3.2,Ts14-3-3.3,Ts14-3-3.4,Ts14-3-3.5 and Ts14-3-3.6 were expressed in the Ts adult stage and larval stage.Compared with the larval stage,the expression levels of Ts14-3-3.1 (0.47 ± 0.09 vs 1.01 ± 0.23),Ts14-3-3.2 (0.31 ± 0.09 vs 1.05 ± 0.14),Ts14-3-3.3 (0.64 ± 0.23 vs 1.26 ± 0.23) and Ts14-3-3.4 (0.30 ± 0.09 vs 0.79 ± 0.23) were significantly decreased in the adult stage (t =-3.816,-7.093,-3.377,-3.481,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05);the expression levels of Ts14-3-3.5 (3.59 ± 0.09 vs 0.99 ± 0.12) and Ts14-3-3.6 (5.74 ± 2.76 vs 1.03 ± 0.60) were significantly increased (t =30.714,9.718,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The expression of Ts14-3-3 gene has stage specificity and the Ts14-3-3 gene may play a special regulatory role in different stages of Ts.
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In order to adapt to the needs of innovative medical personnel training,Zunyi Medical University conducted teaching reform and curriculum construction for human parasitology.Key teachers were trained by strengthening the construction of the teaching staff.Through the preparation of lessons,lectures,supervision and other measures,the teaching quality has been improved.Teaching reform was carried out by the introduction of humanities knowledge,scientific research training,and formative evaluation.Through the development of quality curriculum resources,standardized teaching archives,improved scientific research,and quality service for the society,the curriculum construction of human parasitology has been greatly improved.
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Taenia solium is one of the most important human parasites and its cysticercus and adult worms are both pathogenic.Cysticercosis caused by cysticercus is the most serious.In recent years,a large number of studies have been conducted on the immunological pathogenesis at cellular and molecular levels in local and abroad.The relation between cysticercus invasiveness and host immune effects and immunological pathogenesis has been preliminarily clarified.This article reviews the immunological pathogenesis of cysticercosis to provide new ideas for the immunoprevention and treatment of this disease.
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Objective To construct recombinant non-secretory pMG36e-TSOL18/L.lactis and secretory pMG36e-SP-TSOL18/L.lactis vaccines of Taenia solium. Methods Taking sequence of Taenia solium TSOL18 gene as template, genetic optimization was carried out using lactic acid bacteria as a host system, TSOL18 gene and SP-TSOL18 gene were synthesized using PCR-based accurate synthesis (PAS), through the design of full-length primers, the addition of restriction enzyme cutting sites Sac Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ and protective bases, and the SPUSP45 secretory signal peptide sequence in the N terminal. TSOL18 gene and SP-TSOL18 gene were cloned into Escherichia coli-L.lactis shuttle expression plasmid pMG36e to construct intracellular expression vector pMG36e-TSOL18 and secreted expression vector pMG36e-SP-TSOL18. The two recombinant plasmids were identified by enzyme digestion and sequencing, and electroporated into L.lactis MG1363 to construct the recombinant pMG36e-TSOL18/L.lactis and pMG36e-SP-TSOL18/L.lactis vaccines of Taenia solium, and they were identified by PCR. Results TSOL18 gene fragment and pMG36e vector fragment were obtained by double digestion with Sac Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ, which were consistent with the expected results; TSOL18 gene standard sequence was aligned and the matching degree was 100％, and both were inserted into Sac Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ of pMG36e vector. Our PCR results showed that both recombinant pMG36e-TSOL18/L.lactis and pMG36e-SP-TSOL18/L.lactis were 393 bp gene fragment products. Conclusion The recombinant pMG36e-TSOL18/L.lactis and pMG36e-SP-TSOL18/L.lactis vaccines of Taenia solium are successfully constructed.
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Teaching level is the core of teaching quality monitoring.Students' feedback to the quality ofteaching will help teachers to reflect and rectify the related factors of their teaching,so as to achieve the purpose of improving teaching quality.We have always insisted on doing this work.However,there are inconveniences in the "paper version" of the survey:complicated preparations and operations,inconvenient storage,and labor and material costs.Combined with the actual situation in our department,we are trying to reform and explore the digital survey for teaching quality ofhuman parasitology.Teachers will put the issue on the network,students can evaluate it at anytime,anywhere,and the platform automatically organize the information and quickly feed back to the teachers.The novel and effectiveway has been well received by students and teachers.
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Objective To study the protective effect of a mixed recombinant Bifidobacterium (Bb) vaccine of Taenia solium in piglets. Methods Healthy piglets of 40 days old were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 4 in each group. Experimental group was given 1011 CFU rBb-TSO45W-4B vaccine and rBb-TSOL18 vaccine (in the ratio of 1 : 1). Control group was given Bb liquid medium (MRS). A total of two times of immunization were conducted, once for every two weeks. At different time points after immunization, the serum was separated from precaval vein blood to detect the level of IgG by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Piglets were challenged with Taenia solium eggs on the 4th week after the last immunization and killed 3 months after infection. The cysticerci were separated to count and calculate the reduction rate of cysticerci. Blood from precaval vein was collected to separate serum and prepare peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBMC). The levels of IgG,IgG1 and IgG2a in serum sampl es and the levels of interleukin ( IL )-2 , interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in PBMC culture supernatant were determined by ELISA. The level of PBMC proliferation was tested using methyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. Results In experimental group, the level of serum IgG increased from the 2nd to the 8th weeks after immunization, and reached the highest level on the 4th week after immunization (mg/L:270 . 64 ± 1 . 94 vs 207.74 ± 2.24, t=42.479, P<0.05). Reduction rate of cysticercus was 80.48%. Compared with control group, the levels of IgG and IgG2a in serum were significantly increased, while the level of IgG1 was significantly decreased (mg/L: 364.15 ± 11.52 vs 245.94 ± 8.81, 89.74 ± 1.13 vs 62.61 ± 0.84, 20.52 ± 1.00 vs 34.11 ± 0.65, t=16.303, 38.579, - 22.772, P < 0.05). The levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ in PBMC culture supernatant were significantly increased, while the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly decreased (ng/L:215.24 ± 3.31 vs 174.19 ± 2.14, 28.21 ± 0.27 vs 17.69 ± 0.28, 40.35 ± 0.34 vs 52.57 ± 0.29, 71.34 ± 0.36 vs 94.82 ± 0.45, t =20.839, 53.623,-54.743,- 81.266, P<0.05). The level of PBMC proliferation was significantly increased (0.620 ± 0.051 vs 0.242 ± 0.053, t=10.259, P<0.05). Conclusions It is concluded that the mixed rBb vaccine of Taenia solium might give piglets a certain protection. Th1 type immune response plays an important role in the protection.
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Objective A field investigation of worm eggs in dog feces,classification of crabs and metacercaria infection were carried out in Nanbai Town of Zunyi County,Guizhou Province.Methods One or two villages were selected as the survey sites in Nanbai Town of Zunyi County and the local dogs and crabs were chosen as survey objects.Worm eggs in dog feces were detected using natural precipitation method.On the base of holotype,the classification of crabs was identified.Then,crabs were mashed and metacercaria were detected.Results From November 2014 to September 2015,through this survey in Xiejia Village and Longquan Administration Village,fifty-three fresh feces of dogs were collected and three worm eggs were detected,such as Dipylidium caninum egg,Toxocara canis egg and Spirometra mansoni egg.Forty-two crabs were caught,including fourteen female adults (two larvaes) and twenty-eight male adults (nine larvaes).All these crabs were identified as Sinopotamonzunyiense by morphological method and metacercaria was not detected.Conclusion Nanbai Town of Zunyi County only has Sinopotamonzunyiense;metacercaria is not detected,which means that this local area is not a Paragonimus epidemiological region;only three worm eggs are detected in dog feces.
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To improve the quality of tea.ching,investigating the effect of practice-based in the teaching of human parasitology by department of parasitology in our school.We take medical laboratory science professional as an example,the parasite teaching is the traditional model of infusion teaching at present,besides the classical contents,it is difficult for some courses to meet the needs of social development at present,which has deficiency in attracting students' interest.Based on the optimization of teaching content,and teaching methods for the teaching process,part of contents were carryed out on the base of cultivating students' ability to practice.The objective of this teaching model is to solve practical problems as the goal,particularly focus on learning process of solving the problem.These results show that the teaching model based on culturing students' ability to practice could better embody the idea of studentcentered teaching,to some extent,it helps to stimulate students' independent thinking ability,and enhance students' learning achievement,and cultivate students' analysis and problem-solving ability,practical ability and teamwork spirit.
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We constructed a recombinant Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin(BCG)‐TSOL18 vaccine of Taenia solium and observed the expression of the TSOL18 gene in BCG .The TSOL18 gene of Taenia solium was obtained from the recombinant plasmid pGEX‐TSOL18 by digestion method and cloned into Escherichia coli (E .coli)‐mycobacterium shuttle plasmid pMV261 to con‐struct the recombinant plasmid pMV261‐TSOL18 of Taenia solium ,and the recombinant plasmid was identified by restriction enzyme digestion ,PCR and DNA sequencing .Then ,the recombinant plasmid was transformed into BCG by electroporation to construct the recombinant BCG‐TSOL18 vaccine of Taenia solium ,and the vaccine was identified by PCR .The expression of the TSOL18 gene in BCG was identified by SDS‐PAGE and Western blot .The 393 bp TSOL18 gene fragment was successfully obtained by restriction enzyme digestion .Restriction enzyme digestion ,PCR and DNA sequencing suggested that the recombi‐nant plasmid pMV261‐TSOL18 of Taenia solium was successfully constructed .PCR confirmed that the recombinant plasmid pMV261‐TSOL18 of Taenia solium was successfully transformed into BCG ,suggesting that the recombinant BCG‐TSOL18 vaccine of Taenia solium was successfully constructed .SDS‐PAGE showed that the relative molecular mass (Mr) of TSOL18 target protein was approximately 14 .7 kD .Results of western blot showed the TSOL18 target protein could be recognized by rabbit antiserum or cysticercosis swine serum .The recombinant BCG‐TSOL18 vaccine of Taenia solium was successfully con‐structed .The TSOL18 gene of Taeniasolium was successfully expressed in BCG and the expressed TSOL18 recombinant pro‐tein had specific antigenicity .This result would lay a foundation for further study of the vaccine .
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Objective To study the protective immune responses induced by recombinant Bifidobacterium (Bb)-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18 vaccine of Taenia solium (T.solium) in domestic pigs challenged with T.solium eggs.Methods Twenty healthy 40 days old domestic pigs were divided into five groups by random number table according to body weight (15 kg):rBb-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18 vaccine group,rBb-TSO45W-4B vaccine group,rBb-TSOL18 vaccine group,blank vector control group and MRS control group.The content of vaccine in each vaccine group was 1 × 1011 CFU.A total of two immunization times was conducted,once every two weeks.Pigs were challenged with T.solium eggs 4 weeks after the last immunization and killed 3 months after infection.The cysticercus was counted and the reduction of the cysticercus was calculated.Blood was collected to separate sera and prepare peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBMC).The levels of IgG,IgG1 and IgG2a in sera were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The level of PBMC proliferation was tested using methyltetrazolium (MTT) assay.The levels of interleukin (IL)-2,interferon (IFN)-γ,IL-4 and IL-10 in PBMC culture supernatant were detected using ELISA.Results The reduction of cysticercus was 83.09％,71.36％ and 74.85％ in rBb-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18,rBb-TSO45W-4B and rBb-TSOL18 vaccine groups,respectively.The differences of IgG,IgG1,IgG2a levels in sera between groups were statistically significant (F =132.348,106.336,596.091,all P ＜0.05).The levels of IgG and IgG2a in rBb-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18,rBb-TSO45W-4B and rBb-TSOL18 vaccine groups [(366.81 ± 3.84),(334.94 ± 11.65),(333.52 ± 11.09),(87.74 ± 0.95),(84.48 ± 0.80),(84.30 ± 1.09)mg/L] were higher than those of the MRS control group [(245.94 ± 8.81),(62.61 ± 0.84)mg/L,all P ＜0.05].The levels of IgG1 in rBb-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18,rBb-TSO45W-4B and rBb-TSOL18 vaccine groups [(26.55 ± 1.06),(33.24 ± 1.92),(32.60 ± 1.94)mg/L] were lower than those of the MRS control group [(42.78 ± 0.87)mg/L,all P ＜0.05].The differences of IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-10 levels in PBMC original culture supernatant between groups were statistically significant (F =139.522,1 053.102,769.097,962.298,all P ＜0.05).The levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ in rBb-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18,rBb-TSO45W-4B and rBb-TSOL18 vaccine groups [(212.24 ± 3.12),(205.91 ± 3.18),(205.85 ± 4.35),(28.42 ± 0.28),(25.56 ± 0.28),(25.71 ± 0.35)ng/L] were higher than those of the MRS control group [(174.19 ± 2.14),(17.69 ± 0.28)ng/L,all P ＜0.05],while the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 [(40.45 ± 0.36),(41.38 ± 0.70),(41.52 ± 0.19),(71.45 ± 0.83),(73.38 ± 0.70),(74.77 ± 0.41)rig/L] were lower than those of the MRS control group [(52.57 ± 0.29),(94.82 ± 0.45)ng/L,all P ＜0.05].The differences of PBMC proliferation levels between groups were statistically significant (F =56.318,P ＜0.05).The PBMC proliferation levels in rBb-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18,rBb-TSO45W-4B and rBb-TSOL18 vaccine groups (0.543 ± 0.074,0.481 ± 0.028,0.530 ± 0.053) were higher than those of the MRS control group (0.242 ± 0.053,all P ＜0.05).Conclusions Recombinant Bb-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18 vaccine of T.solium could induce certain protection in domestic pigs.Type Th1 immune response may play an important role in induction of protective immunity.
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Objective To dynamically observe humoral and cellular immune responses induced in mice by immunization with a recombinant BCG-TSOL18 vaccine of Taenia solium.Methods Totally 80 Kunming mice were divided into 4 groups by using random number table according to body mass, 20 mice in each group: rBCG-TSOL18 intraperitoneal injection group [mice were vaccinated with 5 × 106 colony forming units (CFU) recombinant BCG-TSOL18 vaccine of Taenia solium through intraperitoneal injection], rBCG-TSOL18 intragastric administration group(mice were vaccinated with 4 × 108 CFU recombinant BCG-TSOL18 vaccine of Taenia solium through intragastric administration), BCG control (mice were vaccinated with 5 × 106 CFU BCG through intraperitoneal injection), PBS control (mice were vaccinated with PBS through intraperitoneal injection).Zero, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after immunization, eye blood was collected and serum w as separated.Levels of specific IgG and IgG2a were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Proliferation level of spleen lymphocytes was detected by CCK-8.Levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 were determined by ELISA.Results The level of specific IgG in rBCG-TSOL18 intraperitoneal injection group and rBCG-TSOL18 intragastric administration group increased from 2 to 8 weeks, and reached the highest level by the 6th week (0.310 ± 0.022, 0.356 ± 0.026).Compared with 0 week in the same group, BCG and PBS control group of the same time periods (0.054 ± 0.005, 0.057 ± 0.006, 0.093 ± 0.014, 0.085 ± 0.010), there were statistically significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05).The level of specific IgG2a increased from 2 to 8 weeks, and reached the highest level by the 6th week (0.965 ± 0.031, 1.144 ± 0.049).Compared with 0 week in the same group, BCG and PBS control group of the same time periods (0.102 ± 0.014, 0.093 ± 0.012, 0.115 ± 0.012, 0.103 ± 0.013), there were statistically significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05).The proliferation level of spleen lymphocytes increased from 2 to 8 weeks, and reached the highest level by the 6th week (0.524 ± 0.032, 0.755 ± 0.016).Compared with 0 week in the same group, BCG and PBS control group of the same time periods (0.301 ± 0.018, 0.305 ± 0.020, 0.362 ± 0.033, 0.334 ± 0.027), there were statistically significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05).The levels of IL-2 and IL--4 in spleen lymphocyte culture supernatant increased from 2 to 8 weeks and from 4 to 6 weeks, respectively, reached the highest level by the 6th and 4th weeks, respectively [(1 665.41 ± 33.93), (1 785.11 ± 42.39)ng/L and (281.62 ± 23.79), (357.95 ± 42.57)ng/L].Compared with 0 week in the same group, BCG and PBS control group of the same time periods [(1 411.63 ± 20.54), (1 405.12 ± 21.42),(1 455.20 ± 25.03), (1 434.47 ± 17.47)ng/L and (190.17 ± 11.01), (196.96 ± 14.00), (200.51 ± 30.79), (189.64 ±40.90)ng/L], there were statistically significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05).These indexes mentioned above were statistically significantly different (all P ＜ 0.05) between rBCG-TSOL18 intragastric administration group and rBCG-TSOL18 intraperitoneal injection group.Conclusion The recombinant BCG-TSOL18 vaccine of Taenia solium might induce mice to produce humoral and cellular immune responses, and the effect of intragastric administration is better than that of intraperitoneal injection.